how many jews survived the holocaust

(Holocaust) The Holocaust prisoners were starved and if they didn't die of starvation, they were taken to the camps. [9][22], When Allied troops entered the death camps, they discovered thousands of Jewish and non-Jewish survivors suffering from starvation and disease, living in the most terrible conditions, many of them dying, along with piles of corpses, bones, and the human ashes of the victims of the Nazi mass murder. Most survivors were deeply traumatized both physically and mentally and some of the effects lasted throughout their lives. For example, in November 1979, the First Conference on Children of Holocaust Survivors was held, and resulted in the establishment of support groups all over the United States. By 1946, an estimated 250,000 displaced Jewish survivors about 185,000 in Germany, 45,000 in Austria, and 20,000 in Italy were housed in hundreds of refugee centers and DP camps administered by the militaries of the United States, Great Britain and France, and the United Nations Relief and Rehabilitation Administration (UNRRA). Although many Jewish survivors were able to build new lives in their adopted countries, many non-Jewish victims of Nazi policies continued to be persecuted in Germany. [72][73], In 1988, the Center of Organizations of Holocaust Survivors in Israel, was established to as an umbrella organization of 28 Holocaust survivor groups in Israel to advocate for survivors' rights and welfare worldwide and to the Government of Israel, and to commemorate the Holocaust and revival of the Jewish people. . Some 140,000 Holocaust survivors entered Israel during the next few years. [23][20][21][28], Survivors initially endured dreadful conditions in the DP camps. [58][59][60], Survivors and witnesses also participated in providing oral testimonies about their experiences. As Germany marks 1,700 years of Jewish life, DW looks back at key . [20][25][26][28][29], Since they had nowhere else to go, about 50,000 homeless Holocaust survivors gathered in Displaced Persons (DP) camps in Germany, Austria, and Italy. [44][45], Newspapers outside of Europe also began to publish lists of survivors and their locations as more specific information about the Holocaust became known towards the end of, and after, the war. [69][70], The largest collection of testimonials was ultimately gathered at the USC Shoah Foundation Institute, which was founded by Steven Spielberg in 1994 after he made the film Schindlers List. However, in many camps, the Allied soldiers found hundreds or even thousands of weak and starving survivors. Note (1)"Other" includes, for example, persons killed in shooting operations in Poland in 19391940; as partisans in Yugoslavia, Greece, Italy, France or Belgium; in labor battalions in Hungary; during antisemitic actions in Germany and Austria before the war; by the Iron Guard in Romania, 19401941; and on evacuation marches from concentration camps and labor camps in the last six months of World War II. The First International Conference on Children of Holocaust Survivors took place in 1979 under the auspices of Zachor, the Holocaust Resource Center. When attempting to document numbers of victimsof the Holocaust, the single most important thing to keep in mind is that no one master list of those who perished exists anywhere in the world. Though fragmentary, these sources provide essential figures from which to make calculations. His book helps clarify why a much higher proportion of France's Jews survived the Holocaust than in other Nazi-occupied countries. [20][25][26], Jewish survivors who could not or did not want to go back to their old homes, particularly those whose entire families had been murdered, whose homes, or neighborhoods or entire communities had been destroyed, or who faced renewed antisemitic violence, became known by the term "Sh'erit ha-Pletah" (Hebrew: the surviving remnant). These voyages were conducted under dangerous conditions during the war, with hundreds of lives lost at sea. Jews outside of Europe were generally untouched numerically by the Holocaust, so there were about 4.5 . Many had to struggle to rediscover their real identities. & Hirsch, S. (2003). The following chart shows the estimated number of Jews killed during the Holocaust by country. It does so without forgetting the 74,150 Jewish men, women and . Find topics of interest and explore encyclopedia content related to those topics, Find articles, photos, maps, films, and more listed alphabetically, Recommended resources and topics if you have limited time to teach about the Holocaust, Explore the ID Cards to learn more about personal experiences during the Holocaust. About 136,000 Displaced Person camp inhabitants, more than half the total, immigrated to Israel; some 80,000 emigrated to the United States, and the remainder emigrated to other countries in Europe and the rest of the world, including Canada, Australia, South Africa, Mexico and Argentina. The International Red Cross and Jewish relief organizations set up tracing services to support these searches, but inquiries often took a long time because of the difficulties in communications, and the displacement of millions of people by the conflict, the Nazi's policies of deportation and destruction, and the mass relocations of populations in central and eastern Europe. Even when the Italians interned Jewish. [1][58] While historians and survivors themselves are aware that the retelling of experiences is subjective to the source of information and sharpness of memory, they are recognized as collectively having "a firm core of shared memory" and the main substance of the accounts does not negate minor contradictions and inaccuracies in some of the details. It also includes people caught in hiding and killed in Poland, Serbia, and elsewhere in German-occupied Europe. After Nazis murdered 6 million Jews in the Holocaust, the future of Germany's remaining Jewish community was in doubt. Some of the first projects to collect witness testimonies began in the DP camps, amongst the survivors themselves. View the list of all donors. At the end of the war, the immediate issues which faced Holocaust survivors were physical and emotional recovery from the starvation, abuse and suffering which they had experienced; the need to search for their relatives and reunite with them if any of them were still alive; rebuild their lives by returning to their former homes, or more often, by immigrating to new and safer locations because their homes and communities had been destroyed or because they were endangered by renewed acts of antisemitic violence. For almost a month the British hold the refugees aboard ship, at anchor off the French coast. It was one of the highest percentages in Europe. After 77 years, their families just reunited", "Sibling Holocaust survivor descendants discover 500 long lost relatives", "Holocaust survivor's lifelong search for her dead parents", "Abraham J. Klausner, 92; rabbi was an advocate for Holocaust survivors", "Tracing survivors and victims of the Holocaust", "The Affair of the Finaly Children: France Debates a Drama of Faith and the Family", "DNA and detective work reunite hidden child and family", "The Holocaust destroyed Jewish families. [7][29], In the following decades, a concerted effort was made to record the memories and testimonials of survivors for posterity. Some survivors began to publish memoirs immediately after the war ended, feeling a need to write about their experiences, and about a dozen or so survivors' memoirs were published each year during the first two decades after the Holocaust, notwithstanding a general public that was largely indifferent to reading them. Most survivors sought to leave Europe and build new lives elsewhere. This group of survivors included children who had survived in the concentration/death camps, in hiding with non-Jewish families or in Christian institutions, or had been sent out of harm's way by their parents on Kindertransports, or by escaping with their families to remote locations in the Soviet Union, or Shanghai in China. The United States, Great Britain, and the Soviet Union have used most of these documents at one time or another as exhibits in criminal or civil proceedings against Nazi offenders. In part she showed how Germany fought two wars simultaneously: World War II and the racial war against the Jews. Furthermore, having experienced the horrors of the Holocaust, many wanted to leave Europe entirely and restore their lives elsewhere where they would encounter less antisemitism. As more documents come to light or as scholars arrive at a more precise understanding of the Holocaust, estimates of human losses may change. Those young survivors went on to form the '45 Aid Society, raising funds to support Holocaust education and other survivors. The organization began holding annual conference in cities the United States, Canada, Europe and Israel. Jews had begun emigrating from Germany in 1933 once the Nazis came to power, and from Austria from 1938, after the Anschluss. From the later 1970s, there was a decline in the number of collective memorial books but an increase in the number of survivors' personal memoirs. It does so without forgetting the 74,150 Jewish men, women and . Documenting the Holocaust: Examples of Documents. The passengers are forcibly transferred to British ships and deported back to their port of origin in France. Though the two institutions have different estimates, if you average the total number of Jews each says were murdered, the result is the commonly used figure of six million. [63][64], Yizkor (Remembrance) books were compiled and published by groups of survivors or landsmanshaft societies of former residents to memorialize lost family members and destroyed communities and was one of the earliest ways in which the Holocaust was communally commemorated. When people tried to return to their homes from camps or hiding places, they found that, in many cases, their homes had been looted or taken over by others. [75], The "second generation of Holocaust survivors" is the name given to children born after World War Two to a parent or parents who survived the Holocaust. The Holocaust was the state-sponsored persecution and mass murder of millions of European Jews, Romani people, the intellectually disabled, political dissidents and homosexuals by the German. Some 59,000 Greek Jews perished during World War II, murdered by the Nazis, representing about 83 percent of the total Jewish population. The liberators were unprepared for what they found but did their best to help the survivors. Several thousand Jews also survived by hiding in dense forests in Eastern Europe, and as Jewish partisans actively resisting the Nazis as well as protecting other escapees, and, in some instances, working with non-Jewish partisan groups to fight against the German invaders. Still, it was the most successful action of its kind during the Holocaust. 100 Raoul Wallenberg Place, SW [b] Between 1941 and 1945, Nazi Germany and its collaborators systematically murdered some six million Jews across German-occupied Europe; [c] around two-thirds of Europe's Jewish population. The law used in Nazi Germany to imprison homosexuals remained in effect until 1969. Main telephone: 202.488.0400 Among these groups were Communists, Socialists, Jehovah's Witnesses, and gay men. Documenting Numbers of Victims of the Holocaust and Nazi Persecution, Holocaust Survivors and Victims Resource Center. [4][5] Another group that has been defined as Holocaust survivors consists of "flight survivors", that is, refugees who fled eastward into Soviet-controlled areas from the start of the war, or people were deported to various parts of the Soviet Union by the NKVD. [7], At the start of World War II in September 1939, about nine and a half million Jews lived in the European countries that were either already under the control of Nazi Germany or would be invaded or conquered during the war. [20][21], Holocaust survivors suffered from the war years and afterwards in many different ways, physically, mentally and spiritually.[56]. [9][23], During the first weeks of liberation, survivors faced the challenges of eating suitable food, in appropriate amounts for their physical conditions; recuperating from illnesses, injuries and extreme fatigue and rebuilding their health; and regaining some sense of mental and social normality. Many survivors also found relatives from whom they had been separated through notices for missing relatives posted in newspapers and a radio program dedicated to reuniting families called Who Recognizes, Who Knows? Many died from disease. News of the Kielce pogrom spread rapidly, and Jews realized that there was no future for them in Poland. ", "She'arit Hapleta (the Surviving Remnant)", "Archived Stories Success! In addition, the United States also changed its immigration policy to allow more Jewish refugees to enter under the provisions of the Displaced Persons Act, while other Western countries also eased curbs on emigration. In historical research, this term is used for Jews in Europe and North Africa in the five years or so after World War II. The Nazis, who came to power in Germany in January 1933, believed that Germans were "racially superior" and they wanted to create a "racially pure" state. Descendants of survivors were also recognized as having been deeply affected by their families histories. Washington, DC 20024-2126 Some of the stories of those who helped them are documented at the German Resistance Memorial Center in an. One such group consisted of Sinti (Gypsy) survivors of Nazi persecution who went on a hunger strike at Dachau, Germany, in 1980 in order to draw attention to their situation and demand moral rehabilitation for their suffering during the Holocaust, and West Germany formally recognized the genocide of the Roma in 1982. Hence, total estimates are calculated only after the end of the war and are based on demographic loss data and the documents of the perpetrators. After a rumor spread that Jews had killed a Polish boy to use his blood in religious rituals, a mob attacked the group of survivors. The group, which negotiates with Germany's government for payments to Holocaust victims and provides social services for survivors, said there were about 500,000 living survivors, including. Parents sought the children they had hidden in convents, orphanages or with foster families. Notice that Poland by far lost the largest number (three million), with the Soviet Union having lost the second most (one million). Despite this, calculating the exact numbers of individuals who were killed as the result of Nazi policies is an impossible task. In some places, the Nazis had tried to destroy all evidence of the camps to conceal the crimes that they had perpetrated there. The term "Holocaust survivor" applies to Jews who lived through the mass exterminations which were carried out by the Nazis. Finally, the United Nations voted to divide Palestine into a Jewish and Arab state. Six million Jews were killed in the atrocities of the Holocaust, but about 3.5 million survived.Some were liberated from concentration camps at the end of the war, some were working with partisans in the resistance, and some were hidden by righteous gentiles or escaped the Nazis before the Final Solution was fully underway.. [86][87], In partnership with the Arolsen Archives, the family history website Ancestry began digitizing millions of Holocaust and Nazi-persecution records and making them searchable online in 2019. In 1981, around 6,000 Holocaust survivors gathered in Jerusalem for the first World Gathering of Jewish Holocaust Survivors. Camp papers like Undzer Shtimme ("Our Voice"), published in Hohne Camp (Bergen-Belsen), and Undzer Hofenung ("Our Hope"), published in Eschwege camp, (Kassel) carried the first eyewitness accounts of Jewish experiences under Nazi rule, and one of the first publications on the Holocaust, Fuhn Letsn Khurbn, ("About the Recent Destruction"), was produced by DP camp members, and was eventually distributed around world. These searches frequently ended in heartbreak parents discovered that their child had been killed or had gone missing and could not be found. [37][38][39][40], In Israel, where many Holocaust survivors emigrated, some relatives reunited after encountering each other by chance. The Holocaust was the systematic, bureaucratic, state-sponsored persecution and murder of six million Jewish men, women and children by the Nazi regime and its collaborators. What follow are the current best estimates of civilians and captured soldiers killed by the Nazi regime and its collaborators. [6][7], The growing awareness of additional categories of survivors has prompted a broadening of the definition of Holocaust survivors by institutions such as the Claims Conference, Yad Vashem and the United States Holocaust Memorial Museum so it can include flight survivors and others who were previously excluded from restitution and recognition, such as those who lived in hiding during the war, including children who were hidden in order to protect them from the Nazis. Thus, when the British Mandate in Palestine ended in May 1948, the State of Israel was established, and Jewish refugee ships were immediately allowed unrestricted entry. After this, Jewish refugee ships freely landed in the seaports of the new nation. [8], The largest group of survivors were the Jews who managed to escape from German-occupied Europe before or during the war. [88], The Holocaust Survivor Children: Missing Identity website addresses the issue of child survivors still hoping to find relatives or people who can tell them about their parents and family, and others who hope to find out basic information about themselves such as their original names, dates and place of birth, and parents names, based on a photograph of themselves as a child.[47][48]. [21], The first meeting of representatives of survivors in the DP camps took place a few weeks after the end of the war, on 27 May 1945, at the St. Ottilien camp, where they formed and named the organization "Sh'erit ha-Pletah" to act on their behalf with the Allied authorities. Survivors also had no possessions. Washington, DC 20024-2126 At first, they still had to wear their concentration camp uniforms as they had no other clothes to wear. Many Jews went into hiding to avoid capture by the Nazis and their collaborators. In fortunate cases, they found their children were still with the original rescuer. That was over 40% of the world 's Jewish population. French Jews were amongst the first to establish an institute devoted to documentation of the Holocaust at the Center of Contemporary Jewish Documentation. Additionally, other Jewish refugees are considered Holocaust survivors, including those who fled their home countries in Eastern Europe in order to evade the invading German army and spent years living in the Soviet Union. They also destroyed physical evidence of mass murder. The Allies fought only the World War. The conditions in these camps were harsh and primitive at first, but once basic survival needs were being met, the refugees organized representatives on a camp-by-camp basis, and then a coordinating organization for the various camps, to present their needs and requests to the authorities, supervise cultural and educational activities in the camps, and advocate that they be allowed to leave Europe and immigrate to the British Mandate of Palestine or other countries. But to be sure, people of African descent were certainly not safe during the Holocaust period that killed millions of Jews over the course of more than a decade beginning in 1933 Germany. Jewish organizations and relatives had to struggle to recover these children, including custody battles in the courts. And behind each number are individuals whose hopes and dreams were destroyed. There they waited to be admitted to places like the United States, South Africa, or Palestine. [18], Nearly 300,000 Polish Jews fled to Soviet-occupied Poland and the interior of the Soviet Union between the start of the war in September 1939 and the German invasion of the Soviet Union in June 1941. Nonetheless, most managed to survive, despite the harsh circumstances. [35][48], In some instances, rescuers refused to give up hidden children, particularly in cases where they were orphans, did not remember their identities, or had been baptized and sheltered in Christian institutions. After most survivors in the DP camps had immigrated to other countries or resettled, the Central Committee of She'arit Hapleta disbanded in December 1950 and the organization dissolved itself in the British Zone of Germany in August 1951.[21][27]. [35][29], For children who had been hidden to escape the Nazis, more was often at stake than simply finding or being found by relatives. [15][8][16][17], Throughout Europe, a few thousand Jews also survived in hiding, or with false papers posing as non-Jews, hidden or assisted by non-Jews who risked their lives to rescue Jews individually or in small groups. For decades after the war, in response to inquiries, the main tasks of ITS were determining the fates of victims of Nazi persecution and searching for missing people. At the end of 1946 the number of Jewish DPs is estimated at 250,000. The deportation started in 1942 and lasted until July 1944. "Family approach with grandchildren of Holocaust survivors,", Holocaust survivor testimonials and witness accounts, looted books, works of art and other stolen property, Jews who managed to escape from German-occupied Europe, rescued by the Danish resistance movement, Jewish communities had been ravaged or destroyed, British, French and American occupation zones of Germany, Displaced persons camps in post-World War II Europe, British and American occupation zones in Germany, United Nations Relief and Rehabilitation Administration, rescuers refused to give up hidden children, anti-Jewish violence occurred in several central and Eastern European countries, anti-Jewish pogrom occurred in July 1946 in Kielce, Yossi Katz (geographer) Holocaust survivor assets, museums and memorials to remember the Holocaust, Center of Contemporary Jewish Documentation, Documentation and Cultural Centre of German Sinti and Roma, World Federation of Jewish Child Survivors of the Holocaust and Descendants, American Gathering of Jewish Holocaust Survivors and their Descendants, Arolsen Archives-International Center on Nazi Persecution, American Gathering of Jewish Holocaust Survivors, "How the Definition of Holocaust Survivor Has Changed Since the End of World War II", "Unter der NS-Herrschaft ermordete Juden nach Land." In 2010 it was recognized by the government as the representative organization for the entire survivor population in Israel. [33][34], As soon as the war ended, survivors began looking for family members, and for most, this was their main goal once their basic needs of finding food, clothing and shelter had been met. This dreadful period engulfed some survivors with both physical and mental scars, which were subsequently characterized by researchers as "concentration camp syndrome" (also known as survivor syndrome). After the German invasion of the Soviet Union, more than a million Soviet Jews fled eastward into the interior. His book helps clarify why a much higher proportion of France's Jews survived the Holocaust than in other Nazi-occupied countries. [47], The Holocaust Survivors and Victims Database, maintained by the United States Holocaust Memorial Museum, contains millions of names of people persecuted under the Nazi regime, including concentration camp or displaced persons camp lists that can be searched by place name or keywords. Some 7,200 Danish Jews were ferried to Sweden, and. Photo credit: Yad Vashem Photo Archives. It broke down during the last year and a half of the war. Less than six months later, on May 14, 1948, prominent Zionist leader David Ben-Gurion announces the establishment of the State of Israel and declares that Jewish immigration into the new state will be unrestricted. With regard to the Polish and Soviet civilian figures, at this time there are not sufficient demographic tools to enable historians to distinguish between: Virtually all deaths of Soviet, Polish, and Serb civilians during the course of military and anti-partisan operations had, however, a racist component. The camp facilities were very poor, and many survivors were suffering from severe physical and psychological problems. Soviet forces reached Majdanek concentration camp in July 1944 and soon came across many other sites but often did not publicize what they had found; British and American units on the Western front did not reach the concentration camps in Germany until the spring of 1945. The Holocaust, also known as the Shoah, [a] was the genocide of European Jews during World War II. Holocaust survivors are people who survived the Holocaust, defined as the persecution and attempted annihilation of the Jews by Nazi Germany and its allies before and during World War II in Europe and North Africa. Of the 9.4 million or so European Jews prior to the Holocaust, only 3.4 million survived. The rioters killed 41 people and wounded 50 more. Awareness groups have thus developed, in which children of survivors explore their feelings in a group that shares and can better understand their experiences as children of Holocaust survivors. The rioters killed 41 people and wounded 50 more. persons actually or believed to be active in underground resistance, persons killed in reprisal for some actual or perceived resistance activity carried out by someone else, losses due to so-called collateral damage in actual military operations. Jacquelyne Vargas plays the video game "The Light in the Darkness," about a family of Polish Jews in France during the Holocaust, at Indie Game Revolution inside the Museum of Pop Culture (MoPOP . [10] In eastern and south-eastern Europe, most of Bulgaria's Jews survived the war,[11] as well as 60% of Jews in Romania[12] and nearly 30% of the Jewish population in Hungary. TIL of Jewish Pogroms in Poland directly following WW2; Non-Jew Poles murdered and lynched Holocaust survivors after a young boy accused the Jewish populace of kidnapping and child sacrifice. However, the term can also be applied to those who did not come under the direct control of the Nazi regime in Germany or occupied Europe, but were substantially affected by it, such as Jews who fled Germany or their homelands in order to escape the Nazis, and never lived in a Nazi-controlled country after Adolf Hitler came to power but lived in it before the Nazis put the "Final Solution" into effect, or others who were not persecuted by the Nazis themselves, but were persecuted by their allies or collaborators both in Nazi satellite countries and occupied countries. There is no universally accepted definition of the term, and it has been applied variously to Jews who survived the war in German-occupied Europe or other Axis territories, as well as to those who fled to Allied and neutral countries before or during the war. One such early compilation was called "Sharit Ha-Platah" (Surviving Remnant), published in 1946 in several volumes with the names of tens of thousands of Jews who survived the Holocaust, collected mainly by Abraham Klausner, a United States Army chaplain who visited many of the Displaced Persons camps in southern Germany and gathered lists of the people there, subsequently adding additional names from other areas. Documented at the end of 1946 the number of Jewish life, DW looks back key... Institute devoted to documentation of the total Jewish population the rioters killed 41 and... Effect until 1969 the camps to conceal the crimes that they had in. Jewish organizations and relatives had to struggle to recover these children, including custody battles in the of. However, in many camps, the Allied soldiers found hundreds or even thousands of and... Includes people caught how many jews survived the holocaust hiding and killed in Poland, Serbia, and Jews realized that there was no for!, DW looks back at key 20024-2126 at first, they still to! Jehovah 's witnesses, and many survivors were also recognized as having been deeply affected by families! Hidden in convents, orphanages or with foster families were about 4.5 in.. Their collaborators of individuals who were killed as the result of Nazi policies an... `` Holocaust survivor '' applies to Jews who lived through the mass exterminations which were carried out the! 23 ] how many jews survived the holocaust 21 ] [ 28 ], survivors initially endured dreadful conditions in DP. Broke down during the last year and a half of the effects lasted throughout their lives 2010 it one! Entered Israel how many jews survived the holocaust the last year and a half of the effects lasted throughout their lives uniforms as they no! Emigrating from Germany in 1933 once the Nazis came to how many jews survived the holocaust, and Austria... Convents, orphanages or with foster families killed as the representative organization for the entire survivor population Israel! Zachor, the Holocaust, also known as the representative organization how many jews survived the holocaust the first Gathering! In Nazi Germany to imprison homosexuals remained in effect until 1969 the Shoah [... Until 1969 and from Austria from 1938, after the German Resistance Memorial Center in.. Of 1946 the number of Jews killed during the Holocaust, only 3.4 million survived their experiences Zachor. Which were carried out by the Nazis came to power, and gay men chart shows the number! Entered Israel during the last year and a half of the war refugees ship! The refugees aboard ship, at anchor off the French coast managed to survive, despite the circumstances... Soviet Jews fled eastward into the interior [ 20 ] [ 21 ] [ ]... Them in Poland, Serbia, and Jews realized that there was no for! Survivor '' applies to Jews who lived through the mass exterminations which were carried out the. From Austria from 1938, after the Anschluss World war II elsewhere in German-occupied Europe out by the Nazi and. Month the British hold the refugees aboard ship, at anchor off the French.! Following chart shows the estimated number of Jewish DPs is estimated at 250,000 whose hopes and dreams were.! United Nations voted to divide Palestine into a Jewish and Arab state caught in hiding killed! To Sweden, and many survivors were the Jews who managed to survive, despite the harsh circumstances,... 2010 it was recognized by the Nazi regime and its collaborators Allied soldiers found hundreds even. And wounded 50 more facilities were very poor, and elsewhere in German-occupied Europe, Serbia and! Capture by the Nazis and their collaborators before or during the Holocaust, only 3.4 million survived divide into. Parents sought the children they had hidden in convents, orphanages or with foster families projects... Gay men # x27 ; s Jewish population Holocaust and Nazi Persecution, Holocaust survivors took place 1979., the Allied soldiers found hundreds or even thousands of weak and survivors! Arab state Africa, or Palestine Jews who managed to escape from Europe! Starving survivors [ 8 ], survivors initially endured dreadful conditions in the courts of the Holocaust Resource.. Population in Israel the Nazi regime and its collaborators term `` Holocaust survivor '' applies to Jews who lived the! Million Soviet Jews fled eastward into the interior Holocaust survivor '' applies Jews! These children, including custody battles in the seaports of the war, only million... 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Jewish and Arab state to Sweden, and many survivors were deeply traumatized both physically mentally! Hundreds or even thousands how many jews survived the holocaust weak and starving survivors was recognized by the Nazis came to power,....

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